双语•智库 | 全球政府信任度调查：中国第一，美国降幅最大

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本期为“双语•智库”第十七期，带您了解美国爱德曼国际公关公司发布的全球政府信任度调查报告。

调查背景介绍

全球知名公关公司爱德曼近日发布了全球政府信任度调查报告——2018年全球信任度晴雨表。受访者被要求对本国（地区）政府、企业、媒体和非政府组织的信任度进行评价。报告显示，美国民众对美国机构，尤其是政府的信任度大幅下降，而中国民众对政府、媒体和企业的信任度均位居首位。

本次调查包含六大洲28个国家（地区），分别为：

亚洲：中国、中国香港、韩国、日本、马来西亚、印尼、新加坡、印度、阿联酋、土耳其；

欧洲：德国、法国、英国、意大利、西班牙、爱尔兰、荷兰、瑞典、波兰、俄罗斯；

北美洲：美国、加拿大、墨西哥；

南美洲：巴西、阿根廷、哥伦比亚；

非洲：南非；

大洋洲：澳大利亚。

每个国家和地区的受访者都包括18岁以上的“普通大众”和“有识公众”。其中，“普通大众”代表总人口的85%，“有识公众”代表总人口的15%。

“有识公众”指的是年龄在25至64岁间，拥有高等学历，家庭年收入在该国家（地区）该年龄组前25%，有阅读或观看商业媒体或新闻的习惯，并持续关注新闻中的公共政策信息。“有识公众”组别，每个国家（地区）调查200人，美国和中国调查人数分别为500人。

The 2018 Edelman Trust Barometer report, released last week, finds that China has witnessed a leap in public confidence toward the institutions running the country, with 84 percent of Chinese interviewees having faith in their government. The US, meanwhile, is "enduring an unprecedented crisis of trust" with only 33 percent of respondents trusting the government.

上周发布的《2018年全球信任度晴雨表》报告显示，中国国民对公共机构的总体信任度大增，84%的中国受访者对政府表示信任。而美国则“出现前所未有的信任危机”，美国受访者对政府的信任度仅为33%。

The report reveals a world of seemingly stagnant distrust. People’s trust in business, government, NGOs and media remained largely unchanged from 2017 — 20 of 28 countries (regions) surveyed now lie in distruster territory, up one from last year. Yet dramatic shifts are taking place at the country level and within the institution of media.

报告揭示了一个信任看似缺失的世界。自2017年起，人们对商业机构、政府机构、非政府组织和媒体的信任度基本保持不变，在调查的28个国家（地区）中，有20个属于低信任度区域，比去年增加了1员。而国家层面和媒体机构内部正在发生显著变化。

According to the study, China finds itself atop the Trust Index for both the general population and the informed public.

根据这项研究，中国普通大众和有识公众的信任指数均居首位。

Institutions within China saw significant increases in trust led by government, which jumped eight points to 84 percent among the general population, and three points to 89 percent within the informed public.

人们对中国政府领导下的境内机构的信任度显著增加，普通大众的信任度增加了8个百分点，达到84%；有识公众的信任度增加了3个百分点，达到89%。

Joining China at the top of the Trust Index are India, Indonesia and Singapore.

除中国外，印度、印尼和新加坡的信任指数也比较靠前。

The United States has witnessed a huge drop in public confidence in its institutions, according to the survey. Trust in the United States has suffered the largest-ever-recorded drop in the survey's history among the population.

调查显示，美国公众对其公共机构的信任度大幅下降。民众对美国机构的信任度遭遇了调查史上最严重的下跌。

Trust among the general population fell nine points to 43, placing it in the lower quarter of the 28-country / region Trust Index, the survey found. Trust among the informed public in the United States imploded, plunging 23 points to 45, making it the lowest of the 28 countries (regions) surveyed.

调查显示，普通大众对机构的信任度下降了9个百分点至43%，在覆盖28国（地区）的“信任指数表”中位列后四分之一。有识公众对机构的信任度遭遇滑铁卢，大跌23个百分点至45%，在28个国家（地区）中排名垫底。

"The United States is enduring an unprecedented crisis of trust," said Richard Edelman, president and CEO of Edelman, in a press release.

爱德曼公关公司CEO理查德·爱德曼报告发布会上表示：“美国正在经历一场前所未有的信任危机。”

The collapse of trust in the United States is driven by a staggering lack of faith in government, which fell 14 points to 33 percent among the general population, and 30 points to 33 percent among the informed public, according to the results.

美国的信任崩溃是由民众对政府缺乏信心造成的。调查结果显示，普通大众对政府的信任度下降14个百分点至33%，有识公众的信任度下降30个百分点至33%。

The remaining institutions of business, media and NGOs also experienced declines of 10 to 20 points. These decreases have all but eliminated last year's 21-point trust gap between the general population and informed public in the United States.

对其余商业机构、媒体和非政府组织的信任度也下降了10到20个百分点。这几乎消除了去年美国普通大众和有识公众之间21个百分点的信任度差距。

"This is the first time that a massive drop in trust has not been linked to a pressing economic issue or catastrophe like the Fukushima nuclear disaster," Edelman said.

爱德曼说：“这是首次出现信任度骤跌与经济危机或福岛核事故等重大灾难无关的情况。”

"In fact, it's the ultimate irony that it's happening at a time of prosperity, with the stock market and employment rates in the United States at record highs," he stressed. "The root cause of this fall is the lack of objective facts and rational discourse."

他强调：“事实上，极具讽刺意味的是，这种事情发生在美国股市和就业率创下历史新高的繁荣时期。信任度下降的根本原因是缺乏客观事实和理性沟通。”

Americans never had that much faith in their government in the first place. But what little faith they had is seriously deteriorating.

首先，美国人从未对他们的政府有很大的信心。然而他们仅有的一点信心正在被严重消磨。

The crisis stems from whether the government can genuinely do something for its people. The more a government delivers for its citizens, fulfills expectations and resolves economic as well as social problems, the more belief it will gain from the public. Otherwise, it will only see public trust diminish inch by inch.

危机源于政府能否真正为自己的人民做实事。政府更多地为民众提供服务，满足民众预期，解决经济和社会问题，就能更多地从民众中获益。否则，政府只能看到其公信度不断降低。

The US government serves interest groups more than ordinary people. The endless partisan infighting over the years has produced an unproductive government. A decision-making mechanism that is supposed to enhance the government's decision-making capacity through competition, correction and compromise between two mainstream parties, in fact achieves the opposite: The fierce conflicts and serious antagonism between the parties have critically jeopardized any possibility of consensus.

美国政府更倾向于为利益集团服务，而非普通大众。多年无休止的党派内斗导致政府成效低下。决策机制本应是通过两大主流政党之间的竞争、纠错和妥协来增强政府的决策能力，但实际效果却适得其反：各党派之间的激烈冲突和强烈对立严重削弱了达成共识的可能性。

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In many other countries, a multi-party system has caused similar conundrums with their government's authority distinctly descending. In nations such as India and Brazil, where local authorities often cannot coordinate with central government, the government's potency is likewise limited. Government performance is also undermined by corruption and a lack of social mobility.

在许多其他国家，多党制也导致了类似的难题，即政府权威明显下降。在印度和巴西等国家，地方政府经常不能与中央政府相协调，政府的效力也十分有限。政府绩效也因腐败和缺乏社会流动性而受到损害。

China faces a few problems of its own. But the nation has been resolving them effectively, including cracking down on corruption, carrying out reforms and tackling pollution. Above all, China is eliminating dereliction of duty and ensuring all authorities and officials fulfill their responsibilities, which is one of the focuses of government work in 2018. This is how the Chinese government is gaining trust. The overwhelming majority of Chinese people have enjoyed an improving living standard over the past decades and they believe their lives in the years to come will get better.

虽然中国自身也面临一些问题，但一直在有效加以解决，如打击腐败、进行改革、治理污染等。最重要的是，中国正在消除玩忽职守现象，确保所有机构和官员充分履行职责，这是政府2018年的一项重点工作，由此民众对中国政府的信任度不断增加。过去几十年里，绝大多数中国人的生活标准越来越高，他们相信以后的生活会更加美好。

As US President Donald Trump shouts "America first", the federal government shuts down within one year of his tenure. It took five years for his predecessor Barack Obama to achieve the same dubious milestone. Every government wants to put its country first, but the question is how.

尽管美国总统特朗普高喊“美国优先”的口号，但联邦政府在特朗普任期未满一年时就出现停摆，相同的不确定情况在前任总统奥巴马执政5年时才出现。每届政府都希望把自己的国家放在首位，但问题是如何去做。

"The world of traditional power politics was typically about whose military or economy would win. In today's information age, politics is also about whose 'story' wins," wrote Harvard professor Joseph S. Nye, a former US assistant secretary of defense. Glimpsing the US "story" today, we observe a massive collapse in public faith.

前美国国防部助理部长、哈佛教授约瑟夫·奈写道：“传统的强权政治主要以军事和经济力量取胜。在如今的信息时代，政治还关乎谁的‘故事’更胜一筹。”纵览当下的美国“故事”，我们看到公众信任在大规模崩塌。

来源：新华网、环球时报、爱德曼国际公关公司官网

编译：Yee君

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